Instead of having a single centralized computer system to manage transactions like the traditional banking system, Bitcoins transaction system is operated by a collection of computers around the world.
Some of these computers (Known as βMining Rigsβ or βNodesβ) are owned by companies, and some are owned by normal people like you and me.
These computers manage the transfer of the currency from one wallet to another, keep records of the information on a public record (aka βThe Ledgerβ) and double check each otherβs work (known as βValidating the Ledgerβ)
This process is known as Bitcoin βMiningβ.
Processing these transactions involves solving a series of complex mathematical equations, and validating the other nodesβ work, to ensure that a dishonest party cannot trick the system.
(This concept is known as βDecentralizationβ)
The miners are the driving force behind making this network (aka βthe Blockchainβ) run and keeping it secure.
Bitcoin miners are paid in Bitcoin, based on the amount of βworkβ their system provides to the blockchain. (I.e. The number of equations solved.)
Itβs not necessary to understand all the technical details of Blockchain to buy, sell or purchase something with Bitcoin.
I donβt personally mine, nor do i know all of the ins and outs of the process; But if you do have detailed questions I could probably point you a source for your answers.
I hope this helps to start answering the questions many people are asking.
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